Understanding Insurance Customer Dishonesty: Outline of a Situational Approach

The paper takes a look at insurance customer dishonesty as a special case of consumer ethics, understood as a way of situation handling, as a moral choice between right and wrong, such as between self-interest vs. common-interest, in other words, a “moral temptation”. After briefly raising the question if different schools, of moral philosophy would conceptualize such moral temptations differently, the paper presents ‘moral psychology’ as a frame of reference, with a focus on cognitive moral development, moral attitude and moral neutralization. Conceptualization questions can’t be answered finally without thinking at the same time of empirical research design and instrument design decisions, e.g. choosing between experiment vs. questionnaire studies, designing suitable moral temptation situations as an experiment vs. questionnaires with scenario vignettes. The paper discusses then experiences from a 2004 pilot survey, with a main focus on a few insurance dishonesty scenarios with follow-up questions. The paper has an open end, i.e. outlines desirable future theoretical, empirical and practical work with insurance customer dishonesty.     

《物流装备》的实践教学研究

《物流装备》是物流专业一门重要的专业基础课,本文在分析了物流教学特点的基础上,进行了该课程实践教学目标设定的合理性分析;结合教学的具体实际情况,探讨了实践教学的合理化模式,设定了合理的实践教学内容,并介绍了典型的实践教学内容。     

我国物流业人才订单培养的利与弊

由于物流业的职业特点,我国物流产业的发展所需的人才主要应当依靠各级职业教育来培养。目前我国不少职业院校物流专业开展的"订单培养"教育方式是解决物流人才缺乏,提高物流人员队伍素质,推进物流业管理、技术现代化的有效途径。但对订单培养中存在的矛盾关注不够。本文分析了我国物流业人才订单培养的必要性和被忽略的一些问题和困难。只有认真处理好这些问题才能有效实施这一人才培养模式,为物流业发展提供可靠保障。     

认清形势，突出重点，切实加强四川高校领导班子思想政治建设

在实施科教兴国和人才强国战略的历史背号下，在全国高等教育进行管理体制和结构布局战略性大调整的重要时期，我省高等教育实现了连续多年的超常规、跨越式发展。但与此同时，我省高校领导班子和领导干部的整体理论素质，尤其是思想政治素质有待进一步提高；高校领导班子驾驭全局。科学决策和解决重大问题的能力尚需进一步培养；高校领导班子民主集中制和党委领导下的校长负责制需进一步完善；高校领导班子的党风廉政建设需进一步加强。对此。我们认为，必须深刻认识高等教育的发展趋势和面临的巨大挑战，以提高领导现代大学的能力为重点，切实加强我省高校领导班子思想政治建设。进一步推动我省高等教育事业全面、协调、可持续地向前发展。     

求解农村教育权利贫困的经济法进路

解决农村贫困是我国新世纪反贫困战略的重点,制约农村发展的真正因素是农村教育权利贫困。农村教育权利贫困的形成主要是制度上的原因,而且导致农村在贫困中恶性循环。因此必须导入经济法的理念和完善经济法律制度,公平配置教育资源,保障农民享有充分的受教育机会,实现社会实质平等和维护社会整体利益。     

The Decomposition of the Corporate Body: What Kant Cannot Contribute to Business Ethics

Kant is gaining popularity in business ethics because the categorical imperative rules out actions such as deceptive advertising and exploitative working conditions, both of which treat people merely as means to an end. However, those who apply Kant in this way often hold businesses themselves morally accountable, and this conception of collective responsibility contradicts the kind of moral agency that underlies Kant’s ethics. A business has neither inclinations nor the capacity to reason, so it lacks the conditions necessary for constraint by the moral law. Instead, corporate policies ought to be understood as analogous to legal constraints. They may encourage or discourage certain actions, but they cannot determine a person’s maxim – which for Kant is the focus of moral judgment. Because there is no collective intention apart from any intentions of the individual agents who act as members of the corporation, an organization itself has no moral obligations. This poses a dilemma: either apply the categorical imperative to the actions of particular businesspeople and surrender the notion of collective responsibility, or apply a different moral theory to the actions of businesses themselves. Given the diffusion of responsibility in a bureaucracy, the explanatory usefulness of collective responsibility may force business ethicists to abandon Kant’s moral philosophy.     

The Effect of Moral Intensity on Ethical Judgment

Following an extensive review of the moral intensity literature, this article reports the findings of two studies (one between-subjects, the other within-subject) that examined the effect of manipulated and perceived moral intensity on ethical judgment. In the between-subjects study participants judged actions taken in manipulated high moral intensity scenarios to be more unethical than the same actions taken in manipulated low moral intensity scenarios. Findings were mixed for the effect of perceived moral intensity. Both probable magnitude of consequences (a factor consisting of magnitude of consequences, probability of effect, and temporal immediacy) and social consensus had a significant effect; proximity did not. In the within-subject study manipulated moral intensity had a significant effect on ethical judgment, but perceived moral intensity did not. Regression of ethical judgment on age, gender, major, and the three perceived moral intensity factors was significant between-subjects, but not within-subject. Ethical judgment was found to be a more robust predictor of intention than perceived moral intensity using a within-subject design. Joan M. McMahon is an Assistant Professor of Management in the Luter School of Business at Christopher Newport University, teaching courses in Organizational Behavior, Leadership, and Human Resources. She has a B.A. in Speech from the State University of New York, College at Oneonta; an M. Ed. in Early Childhood Education from James Madison University; and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Robert J. Harvey is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. He has a B.A. in Psychology and an M.A. in Experimental Psychology from the University of Missouri at Kansas City, and a Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from Ohio State University. Dr. Harvey has authored a number of articles in the Journal of Applied Psychology, the Journal of Personality Assessment, Personnel Psychology, and others. He is the author of the chapter on job analysis in the Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.     

优化财政性三级教育支出结构

本文认为,财政性三级教育支出结构不合理,极大地影响了我国教育事业的发展。我国财政性三级教育支出结构存在的主要问题,是高等教育投资比例明显偏高,而初、中等教育投资比例较低,与我国经济发展水平不相适应。优化财政性三级教育支出结构,应加大国家对初、中等教育的投入力度,促进高等教育投资多元化。高等教育投资多元化应从两方面着手:一是鼓励个人和企业向现有高校进行投资;二是大力发展民办高等教育。     

健康与教育：人力资本投资的比较研究

对于人力资本投资的两种主要形式———健康与教育 ,大量的研究集中于后者。随着经济的发展 ,健康人力资本在经济增长中的作用已越来越受到重视。从两种人力资本投资的异同与联系的比较分析中 ,介绍了健康投资的特征与测量等问题     

探索高校诚信教育的新途径

随着市场竞争的日益激烈,对大学生的诚信素质提出了更高的要求。在我国社会生活中,诚实守信越来越成为一种稀缺资源,大学生诚信观念的缺失,正侵蚀一代学子的心灵,扰乱了学生正常的思想观念和思维方式,造成了严重的危害。应加强诚信教育,培养追求真理,崇尚科学的精神。要加强制度建设,建立健全信用保障体系,促进学生自觉遵守诚实无欺、相互信任、信守诺言的准则,以保证社会的良性运行。